Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Individual explanation - Essay Example I groups the capacity to function admirably in both autonomous and collaboration conditions. My work at Travelex has empowered me gain the certainty to manage individuals eye to eye, working with group and overseeing remaining tasks at hand, this among others are the characteristics that will empower me prevail with regards to building up a PGCE educators instructional class in the UK. I am a social individual and appreciate interfacing with individuals and particularly understudies and kids. I am an amazing group pioneer, and consistently attempt to lead my group constantly. I discover it satisfying and compensating working with kids and having the option to control them in their developing. I realize that the essential instructor educates over the educational plan and it important to be capable in all zones. I accept that it isn't just realizing the subject that is significant as an instructor, yet in addition knowing a child’s different needs independently. I have discovered that an educators way to deal with a class can effectsly affect the capacity of the understudies to adapt viably. I mean on changing the manner in which I show regularly so as to keep up intrigue and center in the understudies. Empowering and adulating understudies who are performing ineffectively is one of my techniques, this will thusly support them and in the end they will have the option to accomplish their ideal objectives. I expect on empowering the utilization of verbal aptitudes. This is significant for the two youngsters and grown-ups and helps in more clear understanding and translation of data. I will likewise focus on visiting different schools so as to cooperate with different i nstructors. This will assist me with getting more introduction, which will expand my insight and empower me show new things to my understudies. My presentation has empowered me gain great ICT aptitudes, this will empower handle any specialized work that would emerge in the foundation. My blunt sentence structure and capacity to understand well and write in English will help me in my instructing course. English is the significant learning language in the UK along these lines this is an

Financing the Short Term Obligations of The Business Assignment - 1

Financing the Short Term Obligations of The Business - Assignment Example b. Held income Retained income are benefits that have been held inside the business for use in the activity of the business as opposed to being delivered out as profits to its investors. One of the operational employments of benefits held in the business is meeting the business transient commitments. c. Capital Market Sourcing assets through the capital market basically implied getting extra assets through the issuance of new portions of stocks. On the off chance that an organization is unquoted, it basically needs to acquire a Stock Exchange citation to have the option to give portions of stocks to raise assets for the activity of the business (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). d. Money related leases Finance leases are rent understandings between the client of the rented resource (the resident) and a supplier of fund (the lessor) during the rented asset’s helpful life (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). This game plan is typically turned to in getting fixed resources whereby a loan boss co nsents to go about as the lessor by buying the advantage and rent it to an organization. The organization will at that point utilize the advantage and make customary installments to the loan boss under the group of the rent (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). II. ... In monetary year 2009, it encountered a lull because of the antagonistic macroeconomic conditions that incorporates high joblessness rate brought about by the money related emergency notwithstanding H1N1 pandemic. It despite everything figured out how to expand its net profit during the time of examination (2009). Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio (Current resources/current risk) Current resources (in million) 370.6 Current liabilities 482.3 Current proportion .76 Acid test (Cash + Accounts Receivable + Short-term venture/current obligation) Cash 121.7 Accounts Receivable 130 + Total money and reciprocals 251.7 Current risk 482.3/Acid proportion .52 Efficiency Creditor days 16.78 (see reference section) Debtor days (obligation/salesx365 days) 67.5 million/2,537.4 million x 365 days =9.7 days Inventory turnover = 0 (see index) McDonalds McDonald's is the main worldwide foodservice retailer with in excess of 33,000 nearby eateries serving almost 68 million individuals in 119 nations every day (McDonalds 2012). It is headquartered in the US and gets its income fundamentally from lease, sovereignties and charges paid by its establishments notwithstanding the organization deals. McDonalds is likewise one of the most conspicuous brands on the planet. Money related Analysis Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio (Current resources/current risk) Current assets(in millions) 3,416 Current liabilities 2,988.70/Current proportion 1.14 Acid test (Cash + Accounts Receivable + Short-term speculation/current obligation) Cash 1,796.0 Accounts receivable 1,060.4 + Total 2,856.4 Current liabilities 2,988.70/Acid test proportion .96 Efficiency Creditor days 18.44 (see informative supplement) Debtor days (obligation/salesx365 days) 181 million/22,744.70 million x 365 days =9.7 days Inventory turnover = 117 Summary 2009 Burger King McDonalds Current Ratio .76 1.14

Sales strategy of Supermarkets - Free Essay Example

Introduction To explore has E-Commerce affected the sales strategy of supermarket one must focus on types of e-commerce, impact of such e-commerce on sales strategy and the interrelationship between sales strategy and e-commerce. The aim of this research study is to focus on the relationship between e-commerce and its implementation in super markets via the following objectives: To explore the key challenges that are involve during the e-commerce strategy formulation process in Tesco direct. To understand the benefits opportunities that e-commerce gives to create an efficient sales strategy of Tesco direct. To discover the importance of relationship between e-commerce and sales strategy for the sustainable growth of Tesco direct. To inside into how e-commerce may give competitive advantages to Tesco Direct. To generate the possible reasons behind the adoption of e-commerce of Tesco Direct. To explore whether any problem is faced by Tesco direct for the implementation of e-commerce based on SWOT analysis. The Context(s): As the research will be intend to identify the impact of e-commerce on the development of sales strategy and its impact on supermarkets, it is important to define the terms. The goal of e-commerce strategy and formulation lies in gaining an understanding of different strategy options and their implications, and then iteratively evaluating arguments in favor or against these options. The research should focus on Tesco direct and its major competitors. For this research Tesco direct has been chosen. Tesco, well known as Britains leading food retail group with a presence also elsewhere in Europe, Asia and the United States has also been a pioneer online. Tesco opened its first store in Edgware, North London in 1929. Now Tesco direct has more than 8000 products. The major part of this study should include a valid attachment; the relationship between e-commerce adoption and the sales strategy on supermarkets, more specifically on Tesco direct. According to Bocij, (2005) E-commerce means selling products online via the Web. Likewise, Whinston, (1997) defines the term e-commerce more clearly. Whinston said, depending on whom you ask, electronic commerce has different definitions. From a communications perspective, electronic commerce is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments via telephone lines, computer networks, or any other means. From a business process perspective, electronic commerce is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and workflows. From a service perspective, electronic commerce is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery. From an online perspective, electronic commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and service delivery. Likewise, Bocij (2005) another writers Thill, J Bovee (2008) in their books Excellence in business communication mentions that to identify the relationship between e-commerce and sales strategy and how it may create competitive advantages in supermarkets, a SWOT analysis with the evaluation of product ranges, competitors, promotion strategy of online product strategy and its current market share may be helpful. Due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding future developments, especially in the e-commerce environment where technologies and business models change rapidly, making long-term commitments to a strategy is a difficult challenge. Furthermore, there are usually numerous, different and frequently contradicting decision criteria that need to be evaluated during strategy analysis and formulation. For instance, in the case of Tesco direct a crucial strategic issue was to choose between two different fulfillment approaches for online orders in-store-based fulfillment versus war ehouse-based fulfillment. All the above definitions and concepts may be valid. It is just a matter of which lens is used to view the electronic commerce landscape. This study is to find out total market scenario of e-commerce and its impact of the sales strategy on supermarket specifically on Tesco direct. Research design (including methods) or critical approach: Type of Research This research is qualitative in nature. The research have developed conclusion based on collected data. Sources of Data Both primary and secondary data should use in this study. Primary Data: Survey on employee of Tesco direct: To do so a permission with the negotiation of different outlets of Tesco direct already been taken and they have assured to provide best support, as the research is for academic purpose only. Survey on Customers: For primary survey on customers structured pre-designed questionnaires (contained open end, semi open and close end questions) may administer through face-to-face interview (FTF) with respondents and this should consider significant time implication. Multilevel sampling procedure (Stratified + Convenient) should be use for this study. In the procedure of primary data collection, two approaches may be considered. They are: Personal interview by questionnaire Oral conversation Secondary Data: Annual Report of concerned supermarkets Different articles published in Journals Sample Design Multilevel sampling procedure (Stratified + Convenient) will follow in drawing the sample for primary survey. Population: Grocery and general merchandising retail chain Elements: Tesco direct. Sampling Unit: Employees of Tesco direct and their customers. Sample Size: For the Tesco direct the sample size is 20 and for customers the sample size is 30. Sample size was determined based on the judgment sampling by considering the time and cost and some other factors. Sampling Area: London. Expected Findings and analysis: After gathering the data by questionnaire, data will be analyzed with different statistical techniques and tests. Findings of the study will be presented by relevant tables, graphs, and charts. Ethical issues: This research should be qualitative in nature and the nature of this research is to serve the educational purpose only. So, specific point of view no ethical issues i.e., harm to a participant, lake of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception should not be involve here. Special resources required: This research is qualitative in nature and special resource like audio visual, video recorder may be needed. As well as some technical skills i.e., SPSS, Microsoft Excel should add additional value. However, it is expected all resources including above technical skills should be acquired properly on time. For data collection and for focus group interview audio visual format should be indispensable and for this research all necessary resources are fully available. Timetable of main stages of the study: The table below indicates the suggested timeframe for the research work. This meets the deadline set out in brief. When the project is underway, I will send weekly progress report in the form of emails at 12 noon every Friday. This will allow us to summarize the weeks work and gives us the opportunity of the weekend to put into place any modification you might suggest. Chapter 02 Literature Review Literature review: Background: As the research intends to identify the impact of e-commerce on the development of sales strategy and its impact on supermarkets, it is important to define the terms. The goal of e-commerce strategy and formulation lies in gaining an understanding of different strategy options and their implications, and then iteratively evaluating these options. The research will focus on Tesco Direct and its major competitors. For this research Tesco Direct has been chosen. Tesco, well known as Britains leading food retail group with a presence also elsewhere in Europe, Asia and the United States has also been a pioneer online. According to Clark T. (2008) Tesco started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. Mr. Cohen made a profit of 1 from sales of 4 on his first day. The Tesco brand first appeared five years later in 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell. The initials and letters were combined to form Tesco and in 1929 Mr. Cohen opened the flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London. The brand continued its rise in the 1930s when Mr. Cohen built a headquarters and warehouse in North London and in 1932 Tesco became a private limited company. In 1947 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd floated on the stock exchange with a share price of 25p. Tesco showed its expansionary zeal early on by buying up rival shops. In the 195 0s the retailer bought 70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores and the Victor Value chain in the early 1960s. During the 60s supermarkets started to expand rapidly by selling more products in ever larger stores. In1961Tesco Leicester entered the Guinness Book of Records as the largest store in Europe and in1968Tesco opened its first superstore in Crawley, West Sussex. Supermarkets revolutionized the way people shopped and by the 1970s Tesco was building a national store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this day, while also diversifying into other products. In1974Tesco opened its first petrol stations, and would become the UKs largest independent petrol retailer. By1979total sales topped 1bn, and by1982sales had doubled to more than 2bn. In1987Tesco successfully completed a hostile takeover of supermarket rival Hillards for 220m. In the 1990s Tesco continued to tighten its grip on the UK with more store open ings and an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys as the UKs leading grocer. In1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps, followed by the Tesco Value range in1993. This was followed by the launch of the Tesco Club card scheme in1995, helping Tesco to overtake rival Sainsburys as the UKs largest food retailer. 1996saw the retailer introduce its first 24-hour store while it also expanded overseas opening shops in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In1997 Tesco appointed Sir Terry Leahy as chief executive. Tesco.com was launched in2000and the supermarket continued to expand its range of products, which now includes clothes, electrical and personal finance products. In2004Tesco entered the broadband market. Three years ago, in2006, the retailer announced ambitious plans to open stores in the US under the name Fresh and Easy and funded by existing resources. Tesco now operates in 13countries. Today it reported that group sales were 51.8bn in the year to February 23, 2009. Pre-tax profit rose to 2.8bn. In2009the retail giant took its conquest of the UK one step further by buying up some rival Somerfield stores on remote islands in Scotland, giving Tesco a presence in every single postcode area in the country. As it stands there is only one postcode in the UK in Harrogate in North Yorkshire which does not have a Tesco. Now Tesco Direct has more than 8000 products. What is E-commerce?: According to Bocij, (2005) E-commerce means selling products online via the Web. And he defines the e-commerce from different perspectives. From a communications perspective, electronic commerce is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments via telephone lines, computer networks, or any other means. From a business process perspective, electronic commerce is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and workflows. From a service perspective, electronic commerce is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery. From an online perspective, electronic commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and service delivery. Hindle, K.G and Rushworth, S.M (2008) mentioned that, to identify the relationship between e-commerce and sales strategy and how it may create competitive advantages in supermarkets, a SWOT analysis with the evaluation of product ranges, competitors, promotion strategy of online product strategy and its current market share may be helpful. However, Chaffey, D. and Wood, S. (2005) stated that due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding future developments, especially in the e-commerce environment where technologies and business models change rapidly, making long-term commitments to a strategy is a difficult challenge. Furthermore, there are usually numerous, different and frequently contradicting decision criteria that need to be evaluated during strategy analysis and formulation. For instance, in the case of Tesco Direct a crucial strategic issue was to choose between two different fulfillment approaches for online orders in-store-based fulfillment versus warehouse-based fulfillm ent. However there are other retailers who have a different way to fulfill order from customer, for example Ocado uses the warehouse based approach in order to fulfill customer request received through online. All the above definitions and concepts may be valid. It is just a matter of which lens is used to view the electronic commerce landscape. This study is to find out total market scenario of e-commerce and its impact of the sales strategy on supermarket specifically on Tesco Direct. Why is E-commerce important? According to Housel. T and Arthur .A (2007) in the face of strong market forces created by electronic commerce and mounting competition, corporations can no longer move along historical tracks or seeks the preservation of the status quo. Companies are discovering that old solutions do not work with new problems. The business parameters have changed, and so have the risk and payoffs. However, in order to figure out the answers, we need to understand why, where, and when electronic commerce is important. According to McKeon, P and Watson, R. (2007) Electronic commerce in becoming critical in three interrelated dimensions: customer-to-business interactions, intra-business interactions, and business-to-business interactions. Fingar, P and Aronica, R (2005) defines the three terms in a broader way. In the customer-to-business dimension, electronic commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made (movement from make-to-stock to a build-to-order model) and how services are delivered (movement from a slow order fulfillment process with little understanding of what is taking place inside the firm, to a faster and more open process with customers having greater control). Electronic commerce is also a catalyst for dramatic changes in internal organizational functioning, as evidence by the rapid proliferation of intranets. It is facilitating on organizational model that is fundamentally different from the past, one that is characterized by the shift from a hierarchical command-and-control organization to the information based organization. The emerging forms of techno-organizational structure involve changes in managerial responsibilities, communication and information flows, and work-group structures. Electronic commerce is also impacting business-to-business interactions. Electronic commerce facilitates the network form of organization where small flexible firms rely on other partner companies for component supplies and product distribution to meet changing customer demand more effectively. Hence, an end-to-end relationship management solution (often called integrated or extended supply-chain management) is a desirable goal that is needed to manage the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors, and even competitors. The management of online transactions in the supply chain assumes a central role. In the face of market changes, corporations can no longer be insular in nature. In the order to be successful, management has to come to grips with the changes taking place in the various market spaces. In the same vein, managers cannot operate effectively without some major regaining of mindset, attitudes, s kills, and knowledge. Types of E-commerce: Lawrence, E. et al. (2008) mentions that there are nine segments of e-commerce: Business to consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B), business to government (B2G), consumer to consumer (C2C), consumer to business (C2B), consumer to government (C2G), government to government (G2G), government to business (G2B), and government to consumer (G2C). The e-commerce matrix is set out in table 1. Although an organization may implement a solution in one segment of e-commerce, the same solution also may be applicable to other segments. Tesco Direct is a business entity which mainly interacts with Consumer and Business, so this paper will concentrate on C2B, B2C and B2B model of E-Commerce. C2B (Consumer to Business) E- Commerce: According to Laudon, K.C Laudon, J.P (2006) in electronically facilitated consumer-to-business transactions, customers learn about products through electronic publishing, buy products with electronic cash and other secure payment systems, and even have information goods delivered over the network. From the consumers perspective, electronic commerce facilitates the following economic transactions: Social interaction: Electronic applications enable consumers to communicate with each other through electronic mail, videoconferencing, and news groups. Personal finance management: Electronic applications like quicken enable consumers to manage investments and personal finances using online banking tools. Purchasing products and information: Electronic applications enable consumers to find online information about existing and new products/services. Liu, C and Nye, A (2005) states that Consumers consistently demand greater convenience and lower prices. Electronic commerce provides consumers with convenient shopping methods, from online catalog ordering to phone banking, both of which eliminated the cost of expensive retail branches (or Bricks and Mortar). Electronic commerce facilitates factory orders by eliminating many intermediary steps, thereby lowering manufacturers inventory and distribution costs, and indirectly providing consumers with lower prices. B2C (Business to Consumer) E-Commerce: Likewise Maddox, K (2007)mentions that, B2C refers to the selling and buying of goods and services via the web from web retailers to web customers. This really is the same thing as B2B E-Commerce with one key exception. With B2B implementations, the parties are Trusted Business Partners who have an established working relationship. With B2C E-Commerce, the retailer is often selling to unknown, un-trusted strangers. Therefore extra effort must be made to capture customer and payment information. Further, this data is typically verified before orders are fulfilled. In this respect, B2C is a tougher solution to provide than B2B. However, B2C almost always involves customer typing information into an order screen; there is no need to link together two complex accounting systems. In this respect, B2B is a much tougher solution to deliver. B2B (Business to Business) E-Commerce: According to Butter, M Richmond, C (2006) from the inter-organizational perspective, electronic commerce facilitates the following business applications. Supplier management: Electronic applications help companies reduce the number of suppliers and facilitate business partnerships by reducing purchase order (PO) processing costs and cycle times, and by increasing the number of Pos processed with fewer people. Inventory management: Electronic applications shorten the order-ship-bill cycle. If the majority of a businesss partners are electronically linked, information once sent by fax or mail can be instantly transmitted. Business can also track their documents to ensure that they were received, thereby improving auditing capabilities. This also helps to reduce inventory levels, improve inventory turns, and eliminate out-of-stock occurrences. Distribution management: electronic applications facilitate the transmission of shipping documents such as bills of lading, purchases orders, advanced ship notices, and manifest claims, and enable better resource management by ensuring that the documents themselves contain more accurate data. Payment management: Electronic applications link companies with suppliers and distributors so that payments can be sent and received electronically. Electronic payment reduces clerical error, increases the speed at which companies compute invoices and lowers transaction fees and costs. Manage Brands: Dann, S and Dann, S (2001) mentioned online brand management as an exciting area of retailing management. Fill, C (2005) distinguished the major difference between online and off-line branding as the context in which the brand associations are developed and sustained. Retailers know that consumers adopt a brand, and make it part of their lifestyle; they remain loyal and purchase the brand again and again. The adoption decision is preceded by a number of other steps: unaware, aware, interested, knowledgeable, positive attitude, experience, trial, repeat, and adoption. However, according to Fill, C (2005), Purchase behavior in electronic markets differs from traditional retail settings in two ways. First, a retailer is concerned with simply inducing purchase through the use of marketing mix variable (retail and/ or manufactures rebates, list price discounts, trade-in-allowances). Second, a retailer is interested in inducing purchase now, rather than later. There are various reason for this, including present value consideration and uncertainty of making the sale at some future date. Thus online coupon books and other tools likely to include a consumer to make decisions quickly can have important implications on purchasing process. Electronic commerce and retailing: Kalakota, R and Whinston, A.B (2007) mention that, retailing is expected to change with the rapid development of new online sales and distribution channels that literally can be used from anywhere, anytime-from work, school, a hotel, car, or airplane. These developments should impact retailing as much as the advent of shopping malls, catalog retailing, and TV based home shopping. On the other hand McWilliam (2006) states that almost every retailer is reevaluating every aspect of its operation from customer service to advertising, merchandising to store design, and logistics to order fulfillment. Furthermore, reacting to the pressure of retailers, suppliers are assessing technology-based solutions to drive down costs (labor, delivery, and production) and become more efficient producers of goods. According to Kalakota, R and Whinston, A (1997), online channels such as online services and the web are also impacting traditional retail business models. He insisted that the retailers need to consider the following issues in developing a business model: Product/content: what kind of products is suited for online re-tailing? Software interface issue: what kind of features will constitute an effective interface? What features make it easy to find and select items for online purchase? Process issues: What are the specific steps in the shopping process from a consumers perspective? What kind of processes should companies develop to fulfill orders efficiently? Pricing issue: How much will consumers be willing to pay for convenience? Payment issues: What payment methods would consumers use for online purchases? Market penetration issues: Would an online channel be popular with consumers? How long will such a system take to attract a critical mass and become profitable? Understanding these issues will help companies formulate a merchandising strategy-and build a merchandising mindset-from what they sell to how they sell it; from pricing to timing; from product development to sourcing; from their choices of electronic media to how they integrate them; and from customer payment alternatives to shipping procedure. We need critical analysis of these questions in order to maintain the proper perspective on online retailing. The potential is serious, but so are the problems that lie ahead. Before examining the implications of changing consumer behavior and online retailing in the existing retail business, let us step back for a moment and ask the question: why should retailers consider the online environment as a way of doing business? The answer lies in understanding the market changes that effect retailing and that will continue to affect it in the future. E-commerce and sales strategy of Tesco Direct: According to Institution of Direct Marketing (2009) Tesco used two direct media (e-mail and direct marketing) and two passive media (in-store promotions with advertising, and web advertising). For the first two, many different lists were tested. Cold lists (list of stuffs which sales is slow and not important enough to keep on first page) were profiled against Club card data (which includes transactional, life stage attitudinal and geo-demographic information) to identify potential dedicated customers. Tesco Direct have different strategy. In case of conversion many customers register but dont shop online immediately. A special communication programme was devised for these persons, to help them over any barriers they may perceive which prevent them from taking the plunge. This programme can be conducted by e-mail and/or direct mail, and includes relevant offers and information. Moreover, when a registrant does come to conduct a first-time shop, the system recognizes the situation and produces a personalized home page to guide the user through this new experience. Like wise for Retention Tesco uses a classic Regency Frequency Value model to classify customer commitment on six levels. These are: Dedicated, Established, Developing, Cautionary, Logged-on, Logged-off. One of the problems is that a customers first shop can take some time, while the customer becomes conversant with the layout of the site, and, in some cases, with the technicalities of the medium. Tesco.com is careful to point this out at the outset, and for all shops after the first provides a short-cut in the form of My Favorites a list containing all items from previous shops, both on and offline. This allows customers to tailor their baskets without starting from scratch each time, and, together with increasing familiarity, ensures that the customers time is not wasted. The Institute of Direct marketing (2009) also mentions that Tesco Direct developed a sound strategy to meet its goals and sales target. Tesco Direct introduced E-commerce as a corporate culture as a top down led management initiative. This may require education and training of managers in the first instance so they understand the benefits (and risks) associated with e-commerce introduction. The SWOT analysis should have identified the companys strengths. An e-commerce initiative needs to build on these strengths. The cost benefit analysis enabled managers to set targets and prioritize e-commerce activities to give the greatest opportunities for the earliest financial return with the minimum risk. The SWOT analysis has identified strengths within the company of Tesco Direct that may be usable in the e-commerce project. For example, Tesco Direct already has a good distribution network this may be the foundation for developing the e-commerce distribution. To take advantage of the on-lin e customer community Tesco Direct developed a web centric marketing strategy alongside the technical developments. Even if the current marketing strategy has taken the Internet into account, it is necessary to develop a marketing strategy that clearly targets the Internet as a primary marketing channel. And Tesco Direct successfully developed this strategy. E-commerce: the sales strategy assessment of supermarket 2009 Raisch, W (2009) state that, The Internet grocery market is an extension of the home-shopping philosophy. It is a sector that has already demonstrated considerable growth and that promises further substantial increases in the future. Internet sales across many product sectors have achieved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  and continue to achieve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  high annual growth rates in the UK. Indeed, consumers passion for and propensity towards purchasing items online show no sign of abating. Source: E-commerce, Information Technology and The Arts 2008, Shopping on the Internet: Facts for consumer # 4, last updated 28th April, www.dcita.co.uk, accessed January 2010 According to the Institute of Direct Marketing (2009) The Internet or online grocery market in the UK is dominated by four of the UKs major supermarket chains à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA and Waitrose à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  and by a fifth supplier, Ocado, which is a warehouse-based online operation and a partner distributor to Waitrose. Outside of these five major suppliers, the market is mainly populated by a wide range of niche, specialized retailers, many of which offer products that are not always available in the major supermarkets. Apart from the five leading online suppliers, no other supermarket chains in the UK operate in the online grocery market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  not even Morrisons, which is the fourth-largest supermarket chain by market share. The costs and complexity of establishing an online service `from scratch appear to be a significant obstacle for many of these chains. The recent focus of the five major online grocers has seen them expand their distribution networks, improve their stock availability levels and enhance the functionality of their websites. However, in the current recession, other factors such as price competition may get more attention than ever. Newton, S (2005) mentions that electronic commerce allows businesses to do the things they currently do, but to do them better. The simplest example and where many businesses start their exploration of e-commerce is that of companies using web sites to provide information about products and services. This information has traditionally been transmitted via printed brochures or via mass media advertising. However, the excitement also stems from the fact that electronic commerce (in the sense of e-commerce i.e. business to consumer) allows businesses to do things that were not previously possible. One obvious way that electronic commerce does this is by providing a number of new routes or channels through which goods or services can be sold. These additional channels are likely to give the company access to new consumers and business customers. Companies must therefore learn how to communicate with their customers in this way and also to act on what they learn, tailoring their communi cation, products and services offered to each customer. Research currently being undertaken by Daniel, E. (2009) has highlighted the main challenges that managers face when considering electronic commerce developments. The key issues they raised included: Raising the internal understanding of electronic commerce, particularly at senior management levels. developing a coherent e-commerce strategy across the organisation understanding and providing a true value proposition for customers understanding the impact on the supply chain developing an agile supply chain to support the electronic commerce strategy building a business case for electronic services E-commerce and sales strategy of online retailing: According to Thill, J Bovee, C (2008), while changes in retailing may be driven by technology, managerial vision is required for successful implementation. Traditionally, retailing has been a low-tech environment in which retailing executives often relegated technology issues to back-room operators. These managers are most at risk, as they do not have a clue that a major revolution has begun. Most of them have been never used a computer (or had to), never been on an online service, and do not know what the internet is or what it can do. The winners will be the players who understand how to leverage the unique capabilities of the online medium to effectively meet the changing needs of the consumers. Likewise Timmers, P (2006) mentions that while the technology required to implement online retailing is maturing, many management issues remain unanswered. No one really knows yet how to build and run a successful, mass-market online mall. The sales medium is new, the technology is new, and retailers have a lot to learn about tricky technology, customer behavior, and management issues. But one thing is clear: for online retailing to succeed, online technology must complement management and operational strategy. Some immediate strategy questions that need to be addressed include: how can the company generate pull forces that attract people to the online store? How can the company leverage on established brand names? How can the company utilize features of a product or service to signal value or quality to an online customer? Retailing strategy: Hoffman, D Novak, T (2007) states that strategy is needed to address the whole retail process. The steps involved in retailing strategy include: prospecting for potential customers, qualifying a customer, learning the customers needs, understanding the customers purchasing process, selecting the presentation to be made, making the presentation, adapting the presentation based on consumer reaction, handling objections, negotiating with the customer, closing the sale, and building an ongoing relationship through service. Each of these steps needs to be rethought and reexamined in the online environment. Strategy also deals with stimulating demand. Retailers have not learned how to stimulate online demand, something that will become increasingly important. To stimulate demand, retailers must get out ahead of consumers by anticipating shifting attitudes and lifestyles, and must use marketing methods that trigger traffic and sales. Marketing triggers need to resonate with the targeted co nsumer, which today simply cannot be every one. Retailers need to be finding a unique voice and image. Words, images and merchandise connected to lifestyle and consumer trends can stimulate demand, even in this difficult climate. Deliver a satisfying shopping experience: According to Macpherson, A (2005), It is true that by being online theres no traffic issue, no waiting in line, and no wasting time in sales pitches, but will the consumer be able to find the products he or she wants quickly, make selections, and enjoy the whole process? Management needs to learn how to make a monitor or web page deliver at satisfying shopping experience. The challenges are to build technology that entices consumers and helps them find their way through the virtual maze. Online retailer often find that they are dealing with different set of customers than they had expected, or with customer attitudes that are incompatible with this new market. Many firms discovered that the limited product selections and canned presentations that work on television do not appeal to the individuals who are using PCs; consumer interface needs to include text, graphics, stimulated 3-D and actual virtual reality. Designing the layout of an online Store: Pretty, C Sweeney, A (2002), mentions that creating a virtual store that consumers will like is not easy. The virtual store will have to have a greater impact on the consumers value equation. To significantly alter consumer buying behavior, virtual retailing will have to provide better, faster, cheaper, or more entertaining shopping experience. The layout of the store also depends on manufacturer incentives to retailers such as slotting allowances. Slotting allowances are lump-sum advance payment made by manufacturers to retailers for stocking their new products. In exchanges for slotting allowances, the retailers make an agreement with the manufacturers to place the product in a high-traffic area for promotional purposes. Slotting allowances can be used by retailers to determine how to design their user interface, namely, what products appear visually closer to customers, and also what products are found when search criteria are specified. Create the Right incentives: According to Weill, P Vitale, M (2008), the right incentive can influence consumer acceptance. However, incentives design for online retail markets is fairly new and well understood. The question here is: How can coupons, discounts, or other incentives are used by online merchants to build and retain shopper royalty. On the other hand Bayles, D (2006), commented that incentive are so basic to traditional retailing that one can only marvel at the myopia among some only retailers that technology can conquer all. Retailers need to think about different incentives strategies for different types of online products/services. For instance, how do you influence consumers to download a file? By charging a low price, by offering value, or by offering frequent flyer miles. One may argue that these are basic questions that have been addressed in regular retailing. That might be the case, but online retailing is subtly different on many planes and requires merchants to rethink their incentive mechanisms. E-commerce has changed the business parameter a lot considering the risk and payoffs. Hence, an end-to-end relationship management solution (often called integrated or extended supply-chain management) is a desirable goal for Tesco Direct to maximize the market share through managing the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors, and even competitors. According to Lawrence, E. et al. (2008) there are nine segments of e-commerce but Tesco Direct needs to focus on only three of them such as C2B, B2C and B2B model of E-Commerce as business and consumer are their key concern. And strong distribution network of Tesco have given them an advantage to beat the competitors. Moreover they have also developed a marketing strategy clearly targeting the internet as a primary marketing channel. Now Tesco Direct needs to think about different incentives strategies for different types of online products/services. For instance, how do you influence consumers to download a file? By charging a low price, by offering value, or by offering frequent flyer miles. Chapter 03: Methodology Methodology: In broader perspective research can be considered as gathering information to answer of a question that drives to solve a problem (Booth et al 2008). Mokwa, M. et al (1980) have specified research as a systematic process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting all relevant data and information which helps for decision making. Systematic Process refers to the approach of research will follow a system which is consist of a series of steps. From here we can understand that we need to gather all required data or information initially through one or several techniques. Then all these data or information must be analyzed to find an outcome. And the next step will be interpretation of the outcome. Thus we may conclude from Kothari, C. R. (2009) research is an art of scientific investigation. For any organization, whether it is profit or non-profit, doing research is considered as an important and reliable activity through which we may expand our knowledge or understanding of the world around us. It is important because we may use the understanding or knowledge through research for varied purposes. For example information derived through speculative research may help a business entity to develop or formulate its strategy. Generally all organization conducts research with proper care and planning. So outcome of research is reliable because reliability depends on validity and applicability, never on what the information turns out to be. Ethridge, D. E. (2004) concluded that we affect validity of information by the process and procedures through which it is generated. In this chapter of the dissertation on Has e-commerce affected the sales strategy of Supermarkets? (A Study of Tesco Direct) we will review the methodology concentrating on how required data will be collected and analyzed to reach the purpose of the study. First of all the purpose of the dissertation will be discussed. Then this discussion will focus on the research approach followed by research strategy. Later this chapter will continue regarding method of data collection, selection of sample and finally data processing and data analysis. Figure 1 Methodology Overview, Adopted from: Foster, T. (1998) International Marketing Communication: An Emperical Investigation of the Use of Marketing Communication Tools. Research Purpose: There is various purpose of research from various viewpoints. However from the view of most common uses, Saunders et al (2003) classified the purpose of research as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. According to their argument from the view point of adaptability during the schedule of procedure exploratory research resembles the activities of traveler without a set of itinerary. So it is expected that one has to be willing to adjust with potential new or unexpected findings which may or may not switch change of direction. Thus we may conclude that the exploratory research has an initial broad focus which narrows progressively throughout the course of the research. According to Wiedersheim-Paul and Eriksson (2001) descriptive research means recognizing and mapping by suggesting, recording and filing based on the investigator or researchers preference of standpoints, level of concentration and characterization. It is important to have justifiable purpose for the descriptive res earch to be carrying great weight. Kothari, C. R. (2009) stated descriptive research as a combination of surveys and fact finding enquiries of various kinds where the researcher has hardly any control over the variables except reporting what has taken place or what is taking place. In order to be capable to be in motion towards the next stage, (which is widely known or categorized as explanatory stage of research) the descriptive research requires to be soundly completed. Saunders et al. (2009) stated an explanatory study intends to ascertain untailored association between or among various variables. Wiedersheim-Paul and Eriksson (2001) further states that to explain means to make an analysis of cause and effect relationship, and similar to that of the descriptive level the analysis has to be founded upon a range of predestined decisive factors. This study on Tesco Direct is mainly descriptive as data will be composed in order to describe a precise subject matter but it will also move into the exploratory and explanatory stages as an effort of the author to gain a deeper and better understanding of e-commerce within the scope of online grocery store industry of UK. In the preliminary exploration level author will develop the purpose and enormous prominence will be given on the descriptive stage while spending appropriate time and effort in the explanatory level illustrating conclusions of the research findings. This choice of give emphasis to the descriptive stage offers support for using a qualitative approach for the study. To explore has E-Commerce affected the sales strategy of supermarket one must focus on types of e-commerce, impact of such e-commerce on sales strategy and the interrelationship between sales strategy and e-commerce. The aim of this research study is to focus on the relationship between e-commerce and its implementation in super markets via the following objectives: To explore the key challenges that are involve during the e-commerce strategy formulation process in Tesco Direct. To understand the benefits opportunities that e-commerce gives to create an efficient sales strategy of Tesco Direct. To discover the importance of relationship between e-commerce and sales strategy for the sustainable growth of Tesco Direct. To inside into how e-commerce may give competitive advantages to Tesco Direct. To generate the possible reasons behind the adoption of e-commerce of Tesco Direct. To explore whether any problem is faced by Tesco Direct for the implementation of e-commerce based on SWOT analysis. Research Approach: Type of Research This research is qualitative in nature. A qualitative study focuses on accepting peoples behaviour patterns. According to Kothari, C. R. (2009) qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon. On the other hand according to Mujis, D. (2004) quantitative study is essentially about collecting numerical data to explain a particular phenomenon. Patton, M.Q. (2002)identified that, qualitative findings grow out of three kinds of data collection (1) in-depth, open-ended interviews (2) direct observations (3) written documents. Interview gives way direct quotations from people regarding their practices, views, feelings and knowledge. The data from observations consist of thorough similes of peoples actions, manners, measures, and the full range of interpersonal communications and organizational procedures that are part of evident human experience. Document analysis contains learning extracts, quotations or entire passages from organizational, medical or curriculum records; memoranda and correspondence; official publications and reports; personal diaries and open ended written answers to questionnaires and surveys. Saunders et al., (2003) commented that qualitative data is categorized by its opulence and comprehensiveness based on the researchers prospect of exploring a subject matter in its real manner. In order to capture opulence and comprehensiveness connected with qualitative data, a standardised approach of collecting data is included. Saunders et al., (2003) insisted that the non-standardized and complex data that have been unruffled has to be classified into groups earlier than they can be analyzed in a significant way. For instance, according to Kothari, C. R. (2009) when we are concerned in exploring the grounds for human behavior (i.e., why people think or do certain things), we reasonably often speak of Motivation Research, an imperative kind of qualitative research. This type of research plans at determining the core of human motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose. This research have developed conclusion based on collected data. Research Strategy The research is conducted by the author by surveying randomly selected Tesco employees as well as customers. According to Creswell, J. (2003) a survey design provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes or opinions of a population. Moreover Aliaga and Gunderson (2002) found its helpful in explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods. Hence, for this research topic survey is really imperative because this study requires analysis of numeric description of trends or attitudes of a population. Both primary and secondary data should use in this study. The author has decided to take direct interview of Tesco employees as well as customers at different places to collect primary data. For secondary data author will rely on books, article, journal, websites, annual reports and brochures from various writers and organisations. Books, article and journal from different authors will help to interpret the findings fr om analysed data as well as learning more about industry and company background. Annual reports and websites will help to collect information about competitors of Tesco Direct. Data Collection Primary Data: The primary data collection method for this study is mainly one to one interviews through the author will collect the primary data both from Tesco employees and customers. Because according to (Denscombe 2000) an interview is a resolute conversation between two or more persons. Moreover an interview enables the researcher to collect convincing and consistent data which are pertinent to the proposed rationale and research questions. It is important that the environment of the interview to be consistent with the research topic, objectives and purpose. Survey on employee of Tesco Direct: To do so a permission with the negotiation of different outlets of Tesco Direct already been taken and they have assured to provide best support, as the research is for academic purpose only. The writer will conduct a structured interview through a pre-determined questionnaire. Survey on Customers: For primary survey on customers structured pre-designed questionnaires (contained open end, semi open and close end questions) may administer through face-to-face interview (FTF) with respondents and this should consider significant time implication. Multilevel sampling procedure (Stratified + Convenient) should be use for this study. Like the employees of Tesco, the writer will conduct a structured interview of the customers also through a pre-determined questionnaire. The questionnaire is prepared in such a way that customers can response freely and is able to elaborate their opinion within the scope of the research topic. The interviewee will be allowed to ask for any help from the writer regarding the questionnaire during the interview. In the procedure of primary data collection, two approaches may be considered. They are: Personal interview by questionnaire Oral conversation Secondary Data: Annual Report of concerned supermarkets Different articles published in Journals Sample Selection Kumar, R. (2005) defined sampling as the procedure of choosing a few (a sample) from a greater group (the sampling population). Kothari, C. R. (2009) indicated a sample design as an explicit arrangement for selecting a sample from a given population. It points to the method or the course of action the researcher would accept in selecting items for the sample. Multilevel sampling procedure (Stratified + Convenient) will follow in drawing the sample for primary survey. Kothari, C. R. (2009) stated that in order to obtain a representative sample, generally stratified sampling method is used if a population from which a sample is to be drawn does not constitute a homogeneous group. According to stratified sampling method the population is separated into few sub-populations which are more homogeneous than the whole population then the substances are selected from each different sub-population to compose a sample. And according to Fink, A. (2003) a convenience sampling consists of a group of persons who are prepared and accessible. Data Analysis Yin (2003) concluded that data analysis consists of probing, categorising, tabulating, testing or otherwise recombining qualitative substantiation to address the initial propositions of a study. Saunders et al. (2003) insisted that there are different strategies of how to analyze the collected data. Miles and Huberman (1994) indicated three current flows of activity known as data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing as essential tools for data analysis. Data Reduction: The researcher will transform data into useful information through selecting, simplifying and summarising the field data. Data Display: According to Miles and Huberman (1994) if all the data are collected in an organized, compressed, assembled way it will be helpful to draw conclusion and action. Drawing Conclusions: It is the last motion surge of the researcher to choose what things mean through focusing on regularities, outlines, rationalizations, possible arrangements, connecting streams and suggestions. In short the author will rely on the theoretical assumptions as well as propositions and analysis will follow the above three steps suggested by Miles and Huberman (1994) after gathering the data by questionnaire, data will be analyzed with different statistical techniques and tests such as arithmetic average or mean, median and mode. Findings of the study will be presented by relevant tables, graphs, and charts. Validity and Reliability By the term validity it refers that the author or researcher is testing or measuring what was planned to be tested or measured (Ejvegard 1996). Hence it is imperative to keep in mind that what is actually measured and consequent in the use of it carries lots of importance. Further to get a higher level of validity and reliability of the study, the result and conclusions can be compared to previous studies (if any) in the similar area. Moreover the possibility to use the research outcomes to compare with other comparable situations may also work as a way to make the study more reliable. Chapter 05 Findings, Analysis, Discussion References: Bartel, C.A (2004), Transaction Management, New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin publication Bocij, P. (2005), Business information systems. Technology, development and management, Harlow, Financial Times Prentice Hall Bayles, D (2006), Building the Business-to-Business web, Prentice hall, New Jersey Butter, M and Richmond, C (2006), The E-commerce Advantages, Prentice hall: New York Chaffey, D. and Wood, S. (2005), Business Information Management. improving performance Using Information System, Harlow, Financial Times, Prentice Hall Clark T. (2008). A history of Tesco: The rise of Britains biggest supermarket. Retrieved 01/02/2010, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2788089/A-history-of-Tesco-The-rise-of-Britains-biggest-supermarket.html Daniel, E. (2009). The Net Imperative. Retrieved 01/02/2010, https://www.som.cranfield.ac.uk/som/dinamic-content/news/documents/ecommerce.doc Dann, S and Dann, S (2001), Strategic Internet Marketing, John Wiley sons: Brisbane Fill, C (2002), Marketing Communication, London, British Library Publication Fingar, P and Aronica, R (2005), The Death of e and the birth of real economy, Meghan-Kitter press: United States Hindle, K.G and Rushworth, S.M (2008), Yellow Pages Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Swinburne University Of technology press: Melbourne Hoffman, D and Novak, T (2007), A new marketing paradigm for electronic commerce, Prentice hall: New York Housel. T and Arthur .A (2007), Measuring and Managing Knowledge, McGraw Hill: New York Institute of Direct Marketing (2009) [www] resources. Available from: https://www.brandrepublic.com/Discipline/DirectMarketing/News/945939/BSkyB [Accessed 09/01/10]. Kalakota, R and Whinston, A.B (2007), A Managers guide, Upper saddle river, NJ, perarson education. Kosiur, D (2000), Understanding Electronic Commerce: How Online Transaction can Grow your business, Microsoft Press: New York Kalkata, R and Robbinson, M (2001), E-commerce: Roadmap for success, Addison Wesley Longman: United States Liu, C and Nye, A (2005), Managing Internet Information, Prentice hall: New York Lawrence, E. et al. (2008), Technology of internet Business, John Wiley Sons: Brisbane Laudon, K.C and Laudon, J.P (2006), Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, New Jersey, Pearson Education McKeon, P and Watson, R (2007), Metamorphosis: A guide to the world wide web and electronic commerce, John Wiley sons: New York Maddox, K (2007), Web Commerce: Building a digital Business, John wiley sons: Toronto, Canada Maurice, D (2008), Trading in Cyberspace: Satisfying the internet Customer, E-commerce and the internet, KPMG seminar, 31st August, 1999 McWilliam (2006), Building Stronger Brand Through online Communities. Sloan Management Review 41, no. 3 Macpherson, A (2005), Business to business transaction, hands on solution device, Prentice hall: New York Norris, G (2000), E-business and ERP: Transforming the enterprise, John Wiley sons: New York Newton, S (2005), Electronic Business: Critical Success Factors for implementation, Wellington press: New Zealand Pretty, C and Sweeney, A (2002), Internet Marketing E-business Strategy, University of Southern Queensland Publication: Australia Raisch, W (2009), The E-market Place: Strategies for success in B2B E-commerce, McGraw Hill, New York Thill, J and Bovee, C (2008), Excellence in Business Communication, New jersey , Upper Saddle Rive Timmers, P (2006), Electronic Commerce: Strategies and models for business to business trading, John Wiley sons: United States Tesco Direct (2009) [www] case Study resources. Available from: https://www.davechaffey.com/E-commerce-Internet-marketing-case-studies/Tesco.com-case-study/ [Accessed 09/01/10]. Weill, P and Vitale, M (2008), Place to space: Migrating to e-business model, Harvard Business School press: United States Aliaga, M. and Gunderson, B. (2002) Interactive Statistics. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice Hall- Gale. Booth, W., Colomb G., and Williams, J., (2008) The Craft of Research. 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Creswell, J. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Ethridge, D. E. (2004) Research methodology in applied economics. 2nd ed. Iowa: Blackwell. Ejvegard, R. (1996). Vetenskaplig Metod 2nd ed. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Fink, A. (2003) The Survey Kit: How to sample in surveys. 2nd ed. London: Sage. Foster, T. (1998) International Marketing Communication: An Emperical Investigation of the Use of Marketing Communication Tools. Licentiate Thesis, Lulea, Sweden: LuleÃÆ' ¥ University of Technology. Goddard, W. and Melville, S. (2007) Research Methodology: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Lansdowne: Kothari, C. R. (2009) Research Methodology: Methods And Techniques. 2nd ed. New Delhi: New Age. Kumar, R. (2005) Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. 1st ed. London: Sage. Miles, M.B., and Huberman, M.A. (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis. 2nd ed. CA:Sage Publication. Mokwa, M. et al (1980) Marketing The Arts. 1st ed. Westport: Praeger. Mujis, D. (2004) Doing Quantitative Research In Education. 1st ed. London: Sage Publications. Patton, M.Q. (2002).Qualitative research evaluation methods(3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Saunders et al (2003). Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Wiedersheim-Paul, F. and Eriksson, L. (2001) Att utreda forska och rapportera, MalmÃÆ' ¶: Liber Ekonomi Yin, R.K. (1994) Case Study Research, Design and Methods. 1st ed. London: Sage.

The Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men - 816 Words

John Steinbeck was an American novelist who lived during the 1900’s. He was born in the Salinas River Valley and lived through the Great Depression. He dropped out of college to pursue his passion for writing. In 1937, he wrote Of Mice and Men, one of his more serious novellas. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses the characters Crooks, Curleys wife, and Candy to contribute to the overall theme of loneliness. To begin, Steinbeck uses Crooks, the stable hand who is discriminated against, to contribute to the theme of loneliness. Crooks is so highly discriminated against because he is the only black man on the ranch, and is tired of being by himself all the time. Crooks explains, â€Å"Spose you didnt have nobody...A guy†¦show more content†¦Candy’s only companion is a very old dog, who is shot in the head one night by Carlson, a bitter and mean farmworker. Candy says, Id make a will an leave my share to you guys in case I kick off, cause I aint got no relatives or nothing†¦ (Candy 59). This quote demonstrates another example of the pervasive theme of loneliness. Candy wants a companion so badly that he will give these strangers, Lennie and George, all of his money just so he does not have to be alone anymore. Subsequently, Steinbeck uses Curleys wife, the woman married to the Bosss son, to contribute to the theme of loneliness. Curley pays very little attention to his wife. As a result, she goes around talking to the other guys on the farm. The problem with this is Curley gets mad when she talks to anyone else besides him. Curleys wife explains, I get lonely†¦ You can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody? (Curleys wife 87). This quote demonstrates the intense loneliness she feels when she states that Curley tries to seclude her from everyone so he can have her all to himself. In an attempt to curb her loneliness, Curleys wife tries to talk t o all the men on the farm. However, dueShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men998 Words   |  4 Pages In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck utilizes loneliness as an overarching theme, there is however one character that is noticeably longer than the others in Steinbecks novella. This character is Crooks, a bitter and aloof man, he used to have a family with brothers and a 10 acre chicken ranch. Now he lives the life of a stable buck isolated by his race (he is the only African American on the ranch) among other things (Steinbeck,2002). This loneliness truly characterises him and causes no end toRead MoreTheme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men1368 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice, Men and Loneliness John Steinbeck is the author of the story Of Mice and Men. He grew up in the Salinas River Valley in California, where Of Mice and Men takes place. Steinbeck grew up in 1929 when the Great Depression was going on. Of Mice and Men also takes place during the Great Depression. There were many migrant workers during the Great Depression. Migrant farm workers are men who move around the country working and earning wages and then moving to the next farm. These migrantRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness1641 Words   |  7 PagesOF Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Controlled Assessment - Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California, America. Loneliness is the consistent theme running through the novel, relating as it does to the other themes namely: broken dreams and prejudice. Steinbeck illustrates through Curleys wife, Candy, and Crooks, three main characters of the novel the great negative effect of loneliness onRead MoreTheme Of Loneliness In Mice Of Men725 Words   |  3 Pagestalk about and no one to talk to.† In the book Mice of Men by John Steinbeck he expresses loneliness through many of his characters in his book. Loneliness is a theme that is throughout the story that so many characters had. Their loneliness can let us see that characters in a different light and Steinbeck wants the reader to see. George, Crooks, and Curley’s Wife are characters that have loneliness that festers inside of them in different ways. Loneliness can come from many different things and takeRead MoreThe Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men1919 Words   |  8 Pageslonely an’ he gets sick†(Steinbeck 72-73). While an African American man named Crooks made this comment in Steinbeck’s novella Of Mice and Men, this sentiment can also be applied to anyone who is lonely, especially if they lived through the Great Depression. In the 1930s’, many people experienced awful circumstances that forced them to resort to desperate measures for money. Men often deserted their families and became , migrant workers, travelling from job to job in order to survive. In the novella, CandyRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is book of many themes; one that is very prominent is loneliness. Loneliness is common in many peoples lives and that is also true for the lives of the characters of the book. Almost all characters in the book are l onely in one way or the other. The main characters of the book are George and Lennie. Even though these two seem to have each other, they are both lonesome in a way. Lennies mental retardation isolates him from many people. George is the only personRead MoreThe Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men By Stienbeck1596 Words   |  7 Pages In the book Of Mice and Men the author Stienbeck captures life,segregation,friendships and rivalries all wrapped in one. For instance when Curley’s wife says â€Å"Listen nigger† she said â€Å"you know what I can do if you open your trap?† (80). That portion of the scene reveals just a slight representation of what life as a black man in the 1930’s was like on the farm. Candy, Curley’s wife and Crooks are three very different people who live on a farm with other workers and acquaintances, yet somehow experienceRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men691 Words   |  3 Pagesstrong theme held throughout the entire novel Of Mice and Men. Without it, many of the key events that occur in the book would not have happened, for example, the death of Curley’s wife, which eventually lead to the unfortunate death of Lennie. To begin with, the overall atmosphere created by the author implies a sense of loneliness. ‘Soledad’, the setting of the book, means loneliness in Spanish, and many hints, such as the numerous games of ‘solitaire’ played, also refer back to the theme, asRead MoreEssay on Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck used George and Lennies relationship and the theme of hope to point out the loneliness in the novel. The novel starts off and is set in Soledad which means lonely. At the beginning they get a job working on a farm together. Lennie is a little retarded and has great physical strength that isnt too controllable. As they work from ranch to ranch, Lennie relies on George for guidance and help. RatherRead MoreThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is set in the farmlands of Salinas Valley in California during the 1930’s. At this time there was a world wide depression caused by the Wall Street crash in America. John Steinbeck was born and brought up in Salinas California, he had lived and experienced a life of a migrant worker and that is what inspired him to write this novel (novella?). This meant he could paint a lot

Causes And Effects Of Revolutions - 1237 Words

The Causes and Effects of Revolutions Revolutions have occurred throughout history and continue to arise even in the present day. Many revolution happens because of the miscommunication between the government and its citizens. In the end, the outcome of revolutions are usually good but, sometimes it might not be what people want. In the following paragraphs, examples of the general causes and effects that creates a revolution will be discussed in order to illustrate how revolutions are mainly caused by the dispute between the regime and its citizen. When a revolution begins, there is always a cause behind it and most of time it s the government s unfair treatment to its citizens. Inequality can come in many different types, such as†¦show more content†¦For example, in the French revolution, the bread prices rise due to the poor harvest of wheat before and during the French revolution and the deregulation of the grain market. Even though bread was expensive, people would still have to purchase and consume it in order to survive because it was the staple food in France. As a result, with the increased price of bread and the unchanged rate of taxation and wages, this caused a famine in France where many people from the lower class died from it. Therefore, it has prompted a mass of people to revolt. Hence, this leads to social inequality. Social inequality is when people in the upper class owns a greater amount of wealth than those who are in the middle and lower class. For instance, in the Chinese revolution, the regime ke pt increasing the taxes on its citizens, causing a disparity between the middle and upper classes. As a result, no matter how much the government increase in taxes, the upper class would always have the money to pay for it since they own a significant amount of wealth, while those who are in the middle class and lower class doesn t have the ability to pay for the large amount of taxes. Therefore, this causes the middle and lower classes to revolt. Despite that the regimes are treating its citizens unfairly in the past, this type of issue still occurs in the present day which causes the many different types of revolutions worldwide. In every

Shakespere Outdated free essay sample

Shakespeare’s version of the story of Macbeth is outdated in modern society because one of the major themes, that all evil deeds are punished and that all good deeds are rewarded, is no longer true in today’s society.  Macbeth’s theme is outdated because in the modern day society not all evil doers are punished for their actions and not all good actions are rewarded, either. The theme of the adequate consequences for one’s actions runs throughout Shakespeare’s Macbeth, assuring the correct punishments for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, but also rewarding MacDuff and Malcolm for their brave actions against Macbeth. The theme is visible when Angus says, â€Å"Now does he feel/His secret murders sticking on his hands/Now minutely revolts upbraid his faith-breach† (5. 2. 6-18), meaning that Macbeth is now feeling remorse and guilt for his actions and that the enemy is going to punish him for his evil actions against Duncan and Banquo. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespere Outdated or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In modern society not every evil doer is punished or feels remorse for their actions, especially when they have power or have fixed a problem. In our society people can get away with a crime and not every good action is rewarded, whereas in Macbeth Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are punished by guilt and eventually death. Our society even can award evil doers and punish the good people. Our society allows abortion, which in its nature is inherently evil, but our society doesn’t punish it, in fact the society has fifteen states that fund abortions. Even in our society when someone does something like Ryan Snodgrass, a twenty-eight year old guide who jumped into a river to save a thirteen year old who was drowning, and then was later charged with obstructing government operations and arrested, they can be punished for their actions, unlike in Macbeth where every action has the correct consequences. Shakespeare’s plays can be seen as outdated in today’s society because one of its themes of all actions having consequences, but it is not the same case in modern day society, it can actually be seen as completely opposite. Shakespeare may be considered timeless by the fact that his plays and sonnets are beautiful and full of imagery and a good plot line, but the end message is outdated and can be seen as ‘cheesy’ because the society hardly ever works that way anymore.

Titanic Tragedy free essay sample

Who was responsible for the loss of life with the sinking of the Titanic? By Rebecca Gutteridge Year 9 RMS Titanic, so called the ‘unsinkable ship’, became the largest maritime disaster in history when she hit an iceberg on her maiden voyage through the North Atlantic. Much indecision surrounds the blame circle of the sinking of the largest vessel ever built and there are many theories which divide experts even today. However many believe it is an accident which could have been averted. I believe that a combination of factors are at fault. Harland and Wolff Harland and Wolff had difficulty finding enough  workers, and in an effort to save money employed poor riveters from small forges; the work needed was very skilled and each rivet was hand crafted. In the British inquiry Harland and Wolff were accused of importing less rivets than were needed and sub- ­? standard iron to save money. We will write a custom essay sample on Titanic Tragedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rivets used for the majority of the ship were only crafted from iron which is weaker than steel – considered state of the art at the time. Only the central hull used steel rivets as wrought iron was easier to work by hand. The iceberg ripped along the hull which pinpoints that even the strongest rivets were not a match against  the force of the collision. Recent scientific analysis of rivets found in the wreckage showed that the iron rivets contained large amounts of molten slag, which would have made them weak and brittle causing the heads to crack on impact; therefore weakening Titanic’s resistance against the iceberg. However the velocity of the impact was predicted at 1 million tonnes per second which although cannot be proven I think would have fatally damaged even a modern ship as the recent sinking of the Costa Concordia shows. So I think this is not the cause of the ships sinking. Environmental factors The shipping lane Titanic  took on the night crossed the Labrador Current: a very cold band of water which carried icebergs from Greenland along the North Atlantic. Between November 1911 and Titanic’s sinking 20 boats had sunk across the shores of Newfoundland. In 1912 it had been exceptionally mild and roughly 1000 entered the shipping lanes when the average was 500. This should have been taken into account and the captain should have prepared for this. Also in testimonies given during the inquiry passengers and crew commented on how â€Å"unnaturally cold† the night had been and that the sea had been so calm it was â€Å"hard to distinguish

Animal essays

Animal essays George Orwell's Animal Farm is a political satire of a totalitarian society ruled by a mighty dictatorship, in all probability an allegory for the events surrounding the Russian Revolution of 1917. The animals of "Manor Farm" overthrow their human master after a long history of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for humans. Little by little, the pigs become dominant, gaining more power and advantage over the other animals, so much so that they become as corrupt and power-hungry as their predecessors, the humans. The theme in Animal Farm maintains that in every society there are leaders who, if given the opportunity, will The book begins in the barnyard of Mr. Jones' "Manor Farm". The animals congregate at a meeting led by the prize white boar, Major. Major points out to the assembled animals that no animal in England is free. He further explains that the products of their labor is stolen by man, who alone benefits. Man, in turn, gives back to the animals the bare minimum which will keep them from starvation while he profits from the rest. The old boar tells them that the source of all their problems is man, and that they must remove man from their midst to abolish tyranny and hunger. Days later Major dies, but the hope and pride which he gave the other animals does not die. Under the leadership of the pigs, the most intelligent of the animals, they rebel against their human master managing to overthrow him. After the rebellion, under the direction of Napoleon, the most outspoken pig, and Snowball, the most eloquent pig, the animals continue to work the farm As with all societies, the animals have laws which must be obeyed. Their laws stated that animals shall never become like ...

How low self esteem affects adolescents and substance abuse Essay

How low self esteem affects adolescents and substance abuse - Essay Example When someone is unable to accomplish the assignment, he might develop a low self-esteem when discouraged about his failure. Because of this, it is essential to support a person whenever he fails an assignment. This process encourages him to work even harder and do things in a different way that can help him succeed. There are several causes of low self-esteem. Discouragement or disapproving figures often cause a person to feel worthless and useless. During this time, a person might feel valueless because of his negative feelings towards himself. It often causes people to use drugs to calm their nerves (Sorensen, 2006). Such people often feel valueless and useless to the society. This situation encourages them to abuse drugs, which leads to other health defects. Because of this, it is vital to help those feeling discouraged, feel useful to both themselves and the society. Usage of drugs can also cause a person to resort to suicide attempts on his life. Lack of attention is another factor that causes a person to develop a low self-esteem. It is because of the need to want more, but there is no one available to give. Some people might want more than they have, but lack the right person to encourage them to work hard, or ascend to their request. This situation might lead to substance abuse in order to seek attention. Substance abuse can lead to stigmatization, which can lead to suicidal attempts (Sorensen, 2006). Lack of attention often makes a person feel alone and unwanted in the society. It is because they often feel forgotten and unrecognized. They often feel as if they need to apologize to the society for existing. It often encourages them to commit suicide and end their existence. They might also resort to substance abuse simply because of their unwanted feeling. When children are born, their parents are often their role models. This process makes parents responsible for all their

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitutional Law - Essay Example One of the most significant differences, that is evident from the evaluation of the constitutions of the United States and the United Kingdom, is that one is codified and the other is not. The US constitution has a physical existence whereby it is written down and is accessible to virtually anybody in the US to refer to. Contrary to this, the UK constitution is regarded as being uncodified as it has not been formally established in a "bill of rights" format. However, these judgements of the constitutions are only accurate to a certain extent. The origins of both constitutions explain why they are different in structure due to the organic development of the UK constitution, comprised of conventions, acts and authoritative works, and the establishment of the US constitution in 1789 following the "years of weakness and chaos resulting from the pre-existing Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union which loosely bound the colonies together since 1778". However, although the UK consti tution is generally regarded as being unwritten, there is evidence to suggest that this is not entirely correct. For example, Walter Bagehot wrote a book entitled "The English Constitution", an authoritative work. However, the only problem with this was that the day after it was published an act was passed, immediately resulting in it being outdated. Similarly, any laws that are passed in Britain immediately become part of their constitution, which suggests that the UK constitution cannot be deemed as uncodified. We must first look at the fact the UK has parliamentary democracy, and has the monarchy as the head of state. When looking at the monarchy we must state that its powers are strictly limited by parliamentary sovereignty and by constitutional restraints, the monarchy has hardly any political role. The argument against this is there is hardly any restraint on the parliament itself, except before the time before an election, however the role of law states that all are equal under the law and the government must respect the laws when making decisions and taking action, this shows that there is a constitution, and the government recognises the fact that there are constitutional principles they must adhere too. However, parliamentary sovereignty means that parliament has ultimate political authority, it may not be overruled and can pass a law of any kind, yet it cannot pass laws that will require further parliaments to adhere too. However, there are arguments that under the British 'constitution' there is too much power within the hands of the central government, and especially the prime minister who can act under the royal prerogative, for example he can declare war without needing the parliament's approval. Also, the Collective Cabinet responsibility states that all ministers must not disagree with government policy in public; if they do they are likely to be dismissed or asked to resign. This proves that the government is too secretive and neglects to inform its citizens of many things, although the Freedom of Information act allows to citizens to see most information stored about them, it does not allow them to see everything. Although devolution has taken place in the sense of the Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Act, power is still too centralised, for example in the military forces, and it seems that there is insufficient

Devotion of St Augustine to the Sacrament of Penance Essay

Devotion of St Augustine to the Sacrament of Penance - Essay Example At a very impressionable age Augustine was quite impressed and influenced by Cicero’s dialogue â€Å"Hortensius† and therefore left to Carthage for further studies in rhetoric. He was very unfortunate as he gave up his Christian faith and practiced the Manichaean faith which really broke his mother’s heart when she heard about it. Augustine lived a hedonistic lifestyle in his youth and hence developed a close relationship with a young woman who remained his concubine for fifteen years and got a son by her named Adeodatus. By the age of thirty, Augustine had carved an enviable niche for himself in the Latin world. â€Å"Confessions† written by Saint Augustine, gives us a vivid account of the pagan life he had led as well as his spiritual transformation as a devout Christian. The word â€Å"Confessions†, take on two meanings – one is to confess ones sins before God and the other is to acknowledge the truth about God. Therefore â€Å"Confessions†, can be taken as praise and glory to God Our Father. (Warner, Rex 1963) Augustine is considered as one of the most steadfast and important figures in Christianity and is considered as a great saint and a patron of the St. Augustine religious order. In Book One, Augustine tells us of how he hated going to school and used to get beaten by his elders. He also claimed dishonest victories and pilfered things from his parents and traded them with other children. He was also gluttonous and had other disgusting habits. Finally, when realization comes to him he cries out to the lord in despair saying, â€Å"Oh, God! Woe to the sins of men! When a man cries thus, thou showest him mercy, for thou dids’t create the man and not the sin in him†. In his ‘Confessions’, St. Augustine tells us of how he lived a dangerous and precarious life and it was only because of Ambrose that he was brought back to the Christian faith. Referring to the topic of

Henry Thoreau and Science :: Literature Poems Ecology Papers

Henry Thoreau and Science Though best known as a literary figure, Henry Thoreau showed a lasting interest in science. He read widely in the scientific literature of his day and published one the first scholarly discussions on forest succession. In fact, some historians rate Thoreau as one of the founders of the modern science of ecology. At the same time, Thoreau often lamented science’s tendency to kill poetry. Scientific writings coupled with his own careful observations often revealed life to him, but in other ways rendered nature lifeless. Modern-day Thoreauvians are also aware that science has largely become a tool for control and increased consumption, rather than for the appreciation and protection of wild nature. This paper explores some of Thoreau’s reflections on science and "system," and presents his view of the proper role of science in our lives. As will become clear, Thoreau’s worries are occasioned by his own scientific endeavors. His responses to science’s insuffici encies are reformist, suggesting ways to improve and supplement science rather than discard it. Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world? Why has man just these species of animals for his neighbors; as if nothing but a mouse could have filled this crevice? — Walden (1) Introduction Henry Thoreau, like Goethe before him, showed a lasting interest in science. (2) He belonged to the Boston Natural History Society from 1850 onwards, and read widely in the current scientific literature. Beyond this, Thoreau was intensely interested in the scientific puzzles suggested by his own rambles around Concord, Massachusetts. In the years following Walden’s publication he observed more systematically and tested his hypotheses more rigorously, and published one of the first scholarly discussions on forest succession. Some historians rate Thoreau as one of the founders of the modern science of ecology. (3) At the same time Thoreau often lamented science’s tendency to kill poetry. The scientific writings of others and his own careful observations often revealed life to him, but at other times rendered nature lifeless. (4) Modern-day Thoreauvians are also aware of science’s role in the imperialistic conquest of nature. We love the wild, yet science has largely become a tool for control, commodification and increased consumption, rather than for the appreciation and protection of nature. (5) The proper role of science in human society and in our own lives is thus an important issue. This paper explores some of Thoreau’s reflections on science and "system.

In a World of Pay: Human Resource Management Essay

Pay rates have always been an important issue when it comes to hiring workersespecially when dealing with professionals whose talent and experience are highly soughtin the job market. In our case study, we will be discussing the difficulties and challenges of hiring expatriates which in this case will be revolving around pay. The case is about theproblems that arose at a German software Company (Typware) when the managementdecided to hire Anne Prevost whom they consider to be an ‘intelligent careful strategist.’Anne is generally agreed to be the perfect match for the job but the rate which Anna isrequesting for the job is causing controversy at Typware because some other workerssuch as Jurgen Mehr (Head of Typware European Marketing) feel threatened by theamount the new hire will be receiving. Case DescriptionThis case illustrates a german software company’s inability to effectively compile afair compensation package for the hire of an american ex-pat. Renate Schmidt, the headof human resources at typware, is faced with a dilemma of how much to offer AnnePrevost. Thomas Gutschein, the CEO of typware, has made it clear that Anne is a neces-sary strategic acquisition. Many managers, including the European head of marketingJurgen Mehr, have expressed discomfort and/or threatened by the high salary proposedfor Prevost. Schmidt has no reference in determining a fair ex-pat package as this is therst time in Typware’s history that they hire an outsider to work at HQ. Schmidt facesproblematic issues, one being that Typware does not use a uniform pay scale and overthe past decade many executives have received up to 30 percent extra salary based ongeographical circumstances. Having researched the employee salary les and not ndingany help from them, Schmidt calls in a favor from Rainer Barth. Barth, her contact at aconsulting rm, helps her compile a list of questions that need to be asked in order to geta more accurate idea of how Prevost’s salary will be determined. Finally, the last issueneeded to be stressed is that Prevost has another offer on the table and Typware needsto act fast if they are to successfully lock in this asset. Case Study: In a World of Pay2Section 2Problem Statement:Stafng and Job Analysis:Typware’s recruitment and selection process does not have a clear  job assessmentsystem evidenced through the hiring efforts of Anne Prevost. HR Activity in Theory:Stafng and Job Analysis:†A World of Pay,† the article discussing Typware’s employment methods, focusedtoo much on Prevost’s strengths as a candidate. Though she may have been a great as-set to the company she previously worked for, the duties she would have if she chose togo with Typware were not clearly specied. When hiring, the characteristics of a vacancyneed to be dened in order to recruit a suitable employee. Typeware’s assessment sys-tem focused m ore on keeping Prevost away from the competitors rather than paying at-tention to the job analysis. Obtaining more organizational effectiveness within the company, with regard tostafng and assessment systems requires recruiting and selecting more strongly basedon job analysis rather than the general qualications of an applicant alone. A clear jobanalysis addresses the job description and recruitment methods of a hiring company, re-sulting in a more structured approach to hiring international employees. First, Typware must clarify its job descriptions to improve human resource planningwithin the company. By facilitating more detailed job analyses, the efciency of ndingpotential candidates for vacant posts will be raised substantially. Wages and salary ad-ministration can be restructured because payment can be more strongly based on thefulllment of employee duties rather than trying to compete with wages on the interna-tional job market. The fact that Renate Schmidt needed to call Prevost a second time foranother line of questioning indicates the poor job description and HR information, be-cause such questions could have been known prior to the rst interview with proper jobanalysis. Once the job analysis is claried, the recruitment process can be broadened. Bybroadening the methods by which recruits are sought, applicants can be more readilyfound, no longer leaving Typware with the tough choice of whether to hire just one indi-vidual or not. Typware will likely have several candidates to ll the vacancy, leaving inter-national applicants with less room for bargaining their salary and compensations. Case Study: In a World of Pay3Two methods with which Typware can expand its recruitment sources are via theinternet and through employment agencies. Recruiting electronically would grant Typwarea large source for nding more talented recruits that meet the job specications. Typwarecould place the vacancy on its own website, granting public access to anyone who is in-terested in the company. This method leaves Typware free to give a clear job descriptionso that there is a larger chance to nd suitable applicants for the post. If electronic va-cancies fail to bring the desired results, Typware can recruit through employment agen-cies. A private employment agency would be responsible for lling higher posts, like theone Prevost applied for. The employment agency would look for people who may still becurrently employed and help to maintain condentiality between the employer and thecandidate. Typware’s receiving of applicants internationally brings on the added challenge oftrying to formulate a standard for hiring internationally; for example, Schmidt received in-formation indicating that four other multinational companies in Germany did not have setpolicies or standards yet. Due to the lack of an international hiring structure, the efciencyof the recruitment and selection for those other companies was greatly hindered sincecompensations and salaries became all the more difcult to balance. In the best interestof Typware and surrounding companies, Typware should formulate an international hiringmethod, which they can implement in almost any international applicant situation. Analysis & Implementation:Stafng and Job Analysis:If Typware were to implement the proposed stafng changes with regard to stafngand job analysis, there would be some added costs such as getting a web designer, orpaying for a headhunter. However, the added benets greatly outweigh the cost. The hu-man resources activities to be implemented include ensuring clear job descriptions, di-versifying recruitment methods, and formulating an international hiring structure. Schmidt’s task as the head of human resources for Typware is to ensure a  clear jobanalysis within the company at all times. Assuming she has a team reporting to her, shemust stress to its members the importance of a detailed job analysis. She should reviewsome of the job analyses from her team to ensure that the description is clear cut. In do-ing so, Schmidt produces more effective negotiations and interviews with potential em-ployees. The recruitment methods can be diversied in various ways. Two methods whichseem to most closely t Typware’s vacancy predicament are electronic recruiting and us-Case Study: In a World of Pay4ing private employment agencies. Recruiting electronically requires some technologicalexpertise, but considering Typware is a software company, that should not be an issue. Typware can utilize its own employees for web design by placing the job and the job de-scription on the company website. The benet of placing the job advertisement on thecompany website is that the applicants who visit the website are more likely to knowsomething about the company. Also, the applicants they would receive are more likely tobe closer in accuracy to the advertised post, because since it is the company website,Typware can feel free to make a detailed job description. Then, looking into private em-ployment agencies would fall into the department of Schmidt and her team. They wouldneed to nd a highly spoken private employment agency so as to ensure that they receivereturns on their nancial investment. Beyond that, after the team has contacted theagency, the responsibililty of nding a suitable candidate for Typware is left to the agency. Formulating an international hiring structure has quite a few complexities. Appli-cants such as Anne Prevost would most likely look into the potential extra costs of taxrates, ination, benets, and oating currencies. Accommodations such as schooling fortheir children, health care, social security, housing, and culture shock also need to be ac-counted for. To meet all these needs in salary and benets would mean a salary that is nolonger within equal range of their peers. Renate Schmidt can discuss ncancial optionswith a local private school, so that Typware’s international employees will not need somany added benets. Health care and housing can also be worked out in a similar fash-ion, thus helping to further reduce  costs. The costs really start to add up when there is noplan worked out at all beforehand. In the best interest of the company, Typware shouldorganize at least a minimal structure for hiring international employees to aid in more ef-fective stafng through exemplar y job analysis. Case Study: In a World of Pay5Section 3Problem Statement:Diversity of Workforce and Employee Rights:The lack of a diversity policy and the absence of concern for employee rightscauses dissatisfaction within the workforce. HR Activity in Theory:Diversity of Workforce and Employee Rights:In In a World of Pay the characters are faced with many common dilemmas thatcause problems or at the very least delays for processing new or existing candidates. Wewill be explaining, then applying diversity in the workforce and employee rights in rele-vance to the issues at hand. Equal employment compliance refers to the laws and regulations of a country inwhich a company operates. It is important for companies to identify with the well knownEEO or Equal Employment Opportunity movement started in the US. This is relevant be-cause of the ways countries and companies are evermore intertwined, creating a vastblend of cultures, setting the grounds for discrimination. Equal employment compliancehelps to avoid discriminatory scenarios. Diversity is one of the components of that policyand stipulates that an employee’s salary and benets are not to be determined or effectedby his/her race, national or ethic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, mari-tal status, family status or disability. Typware’s CEO seems to have little or no concern forequality amongst his employees, which causes great concerns. Equality in the workplace promotes a company culture that cares for its people. Itcreates an atmosphere where people want to work, there is courtesy and respect, peopleare listened to and trust and integrity are main aspects in which your staff relates to eachother. Furthermore everyone benets when the workplace is fair and equitable, and peo-ple feel valued. Analysis & Implementation:Diversity of Workforce and Employee Rights:In a  World of Pay a lack of Equal Employment Compliance compromises policiesfor hiring foreigners and integrating them into the headquarters. This stirs up inner ofcedisputes between Jurgen Mehr, Typware’s European head of marketing, and RenateSchmidt, head of human resources. It is of utter most importance that Typware quicklyCase Study: In a World of Pay6revises it’s internal policies to match those set forth by the countries in which they oper-ate, primarily Germany. In the case they are looking to draw up a proposal for one candidate. Thus a minorinfringement, if at all, on their local policy. Typware is based in Germany where the lawsare generally more favorable for the employee, meaning that once Anne Prevost is hiredlocally she will be entitled to a variety of benets and advantages non-existent in standardUS contracts. This a point to be noted when her arrangement is drafted. Typware wouldnot be disputing any of the existing German legal framework as a result of hiring AnnePrevost. Although this is the surface case, the underlying problem is a lack of equal em-ployment policy structure. On a note, the institutions governing equal employment op-portunities in Germany are ranging from legislative and administrative institutions tocourts and tribunals to workers’ and employers’ organizations such as the Biebestrat. In the case Renate Schmidt discovers that female and minority employees madeless then their white male counterparts. This is not only demoralizing and damaging tothe spirit of the workforce but it also conicts with the legislatures of the country. In notcomplying with the country’s equal employment compliance laws, Typware could ndthemselves involved in serious legal action against them. Renate Schmidt needs to takea rm ground in her talks with the CEO and explain the importance of implementing astrict pay grade system. As shown by current trends, the company need to re-structure their policies tomatch that demanded by the country. The implementation of such a pay grade systemwould benet them in various ways. One way is that it would bring them up to code onequality and employee rights. Another is it would prevent outburst like the one Renateexperienced with the German CIO who found out  his Japanese counterpart was paiddouble his salary. Typware needs to adopt new policies and treat all their employees with equality andshow a concern for their rights. In doing so, they gain a competitive advantage on theirglobal market and can continue to grow. While engaged with other HR activities they canformulate templates to process and recruit the right people for their organization. This willfacilitate their ability to correctly asses talents and consequently provide fair salary andbenets packages in line with market practices. However, if they fail to established a uni-formed pay scale and comply with the laws of the country they will suffer irreparable in-ternal damages that will lead the inevitable downfall of Typeware. Case Study: In a World of Pay7Section 4Problem Statement:Compensation and benets:†¦it appears that typware’s inability to update its compensation and benet systemhas resulted in a chaotic situation as evident by the issues arising from the hire of AnnePrevost. Compensation and benets:The use of benets by employers can be categorized into two main aspects whichcan be either as an inspirational tool to motivate employees to be more active in carryingout their tasks or it can be a form of compensation for a job well done. Benets can bedescribed as a payment made in recognition of a workers commitment to an organization. In relation to the case study, one of the major HR issues that faced Renate Schmidt wasbased on the fact that the company does not have a stipulated benet program. This isbecause the employee benet program would have provided a guideline for Renate todraft up benets for the proposed new hire; Anna Prevost. The irrational nature of Typware’s pay system has resulted in benet disparities anda difcult salary system. Such disparity like female and minority employees of Typwarereceiving less pay when compared to their white male counterparts is obviously one ofthe main reasons Jurgen Mehr is not taking the hiring of Anna Prevost lightly. This is be-cause he feared that  if a female employee will start with a salary close to his, she mightearn more than he does in the future. In his words â€Å"This isn’t fair, and it’s humiliating.†Jurgen Mehr is not just troubled because she is a new hire but it is a ‘she’ and also a for-eigner, which also brings us back to EEO. Nowadays, organizations tend to be institutionalizing benets such as savings planand pension because these are part of employment package that attracts employees andhelps the organizations to retain the good employees. However, Typware seems not tohave paid attention to these issues, because their benet system has not been updatesfor sometime. The importance of benets program to employees has become very signi-cant these days because when employees do not feel an appreciation for their commit-ment to an organization, there is a high possibility that they will withdraw that commit-ment and in some cases might leave the organization. This is based on a simple logic that†when you appreciate things that people do, it motivates them to keep on doing so.† Ineffect, benets have become part of organizational practices because it plays a signi-Case Study: In a World of Pay8cant role in helping employers retain good employees and encourages performance im-provement. Performance management:Theories and performance appraisal systems have developed as means to meas-ure employee’s performance at the work place, but none have been able to provide anaccurate assessment of employee’s performance. However, the importance of appraisalsystem can not be overlooked because they have proved to be good in detecting em-ployee’s strengths and weakness. Performance management can be dened a â€Å"meansthrough which managers ensure that employees’ activities and outputs are congruentwith the organizations goals.†1 One of the main purposes of performance management isto develop employees’ who are effective at their jobs. This is because when employees’are not performing as well as they should, performance management seeks to improvetheir performance. It appears that since Typware launched its aggressive campaign in the internationalmarket in 1996, little or no steps have been taken to promote employee development. Lots of emphasis has been paid to issues surrounding pay, with little or no steps towardsperformance management which is signicant for awarding of benets. In addition, Re-nate’s statement ‘it will make others who have been with us for a long time feel that wedon’t care about them’ is a clear indication that the organization lacks important HR activ-ity. Such HR activity includes human resource development and performance manage-ment. Also important when considering the performance management, is the link be-tween performance management and the organizations strategies and goals. This is be-cause nowadays systems such as the performance planning and evaluation system areconstantly being used to bridge the link between performance management and organi-zations strategies. Performance management and evaluation (PPE) system can be de-ned as â€Å"any system that seeks to tie the formal performance appraisal process to com-pany’s strategies by specifying at the beginning of the evaluation period the types andlevel of performance that must be accomplished in order to achieve the strategy.†2Case Study: In a World of Pay91Ibid p 3302Ibid p 332Section 5Reactions:1. What did the student think at the on set of the case?The case prompted some interesting issues in the global work place. It alsoshows how sometimes those in charge are not always fully capable, and muststrongly rely on their employees. The case also illustrates how a globally competitive company can go foronly a short time without identifying with the local legislation before it catches upto them and causes serious problems within the organization. This case reects on how organizations deal with HR issues such as paywith regards to hiring new employees. The organization has repeatedly violatedsome of its compensation and benet program by offering expatriates abroad extrabenets. This in turn resulted in a chaotic situation at the headquarters with em-ployees storming the ofce of Head of Human Resources to demand for equalbenet. 2. How did they feel about the key characters in the case?The CEO, Thomas, seems to fail to address the core issues, especially inregards to  formulating a more stable pay structure. The problems from the paystructure trickle down and cause a chain effect of problems within the company, aswas shown through the complaint of managers, and the efforts of trying to hireAnne Prevost. Furthermore, Anne Prevost is not the key to solving Typware’s problems asthought by the CEO. She is a valuable asset only if the core issues are correctionswiftly and re-structuring of the company occurs. Renate Schmidt showed some good reasoning in a tight situation. She wasable to sort out the larger issues within the company and had a well structured ap-proach to issues. She usually dened the issue, and tried to nd some precedenceon it rst. Then she would go through contacts to see who could help her achieveher set goals. The animosity we feel from Jurgen’s reaction to an American is a clear re-ection of how employees will treat each other when the work atmosphere is notfair and equitable. Case Study: In a World of Pay10Renate who is the head of human resources is faced with the challenge ofincorporating the demands of Anna Prevost (potential new hire) into the organiza-tion’s ineffective HR policy. The HR policy is ineffective because they lacked a sta-ble salary system. 3. What is the student’s opinion about the relevancy/application of HR activity In aWorld of Pay?Given the fact that the organization lacked an effective HR activity such aspay, it has resulted in a difcult situation with regards to drafting up an organiza-tional benet program for the proposed new hire (Anna Prevost). Such programswould have provided a guideline and minimized the amount of work to be done byRenate for the hiring of Anna Prevost. In a World of Pay showed how important HR activities are in preventing suchissues from arising. Had Typware more strongly followed set HR activities, thenthey could have minimized the amount of work involved to  rectify the larger issuesat hand. However, Typware did not follow HR activities closely enough and theirfailure to do so led to numerous problems within the company. Case Study: In a World of Pay11